Allergies and Immunology

The Department of Allergy and Immunology is a medical department that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the immune system, including diseases that cause the body to react abnormally to substances that do not normally pose a threat to it. This department can be divided into several areas, the most important of which are:

1. Allergic diseases:

• Definition: It refers to immune system reactions to harmless external substances, such as dust, pollen, food, pets, or certain medications.

• Types of allergies:

  • Respiratory sensitivity (such as asthma and hay fever).

  • Skin sensitivity (such as eczema and atopic dermatitis).

  • Food allergy (e.g. allergies to peanuts, eggs, milk).

  • Drug allergy.

• Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnosis is based on medical history and laboratory tests such as a skin test or blood test for antibodies.

2. Autoimmune diseases:

• Definition: These are diseases in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs.

• Examples of autoimmune diseases:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis.

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

  • Multiple sclerosis.

  • Type 1 diabetes.

• Diagnosis and treatment: Treatment is mostly based on immunosuppressive drugs, which prevent the immune system from attacking the body excessively.

3. Immunodeficiency diseases:

• Definition: It is a condition in which the immune system is weak or partially absent, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.

• Examples:

  • AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome): Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

  • Congenital immunodeficiency: SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency).

• Diagnosis and treatment: It includes specialized lab tests and treatment with antibiotics or immunotherapy.

4. Immunizations and immunotherapy:

• In some cases, immunotherapies such as Autoimmunity or Vaccinations To stimulate or treat the immune system, such as allergy immunization or antibody therapy.

5. Future trends:

• In recent years, we have seen significant advances in the treatment of many immune diseases, including Gene therapy andBiological therapyproviding new hope for patients who have faced limited treatment options in the past.

The treatment of allergic and immunologic diseases requires concerted efforts between allergists, immunologists, dermatologists and general practitioners to ensure the best treatments for the patient.

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